Early Tuesday morning, Tropical Storm Idalia strengthened into Hurricane Idalia, charting a course for Florida’s west coast and panhandle. Its most sustained winds have already reached almost 100 miles per hour, and it’s anticipated to maintain feeding on exceptionally heat ocean waters and intensifying earlier than making landfall early Wednesday.
It’s going to pound Florida—together with closely populated Tampa Bay—with a trifecta of compounding hazards: excessive winds, pouring rains, and an enormous storm surge, which might attain as much as 15 toes. The Nationwide Hurricane Middle expects that “life-threatening” surge to carry “catastrophic impacts.”
Whereas most individuals perceive {that a} hurricane brings wind and rain, the storm surge aspect is what causes excessive hazard to coastal communities. That’s what occurs when a storm turns into a large, swirling bulldozer that pushes a wall of water towards the shore. “The entire Gulf Coast of Florida—peninsula and panhandle—is likely one of the most storm-surge-vulnerable areas of the USA, and even the world,” says Rick Knabb, a hurricane professional on the Climate Channel and former director of the Nationwide Hurricane Middle. “The one manner to make sure you survive a storm surge—particularly a catastrophic storm surge, which is what we’re anticipating within the Florida Large Bend and Apalachee Bay tomorrow morning—is to not be there when it occurs.”
Any hurricane feeds on heat water: Heat, moist air rises off the ocean floor, sending power into the environment. That moisture condenses into clouds and thunderstorms and releases its latent warmth, warming the core of the storm. That in flip lowers air strain, which will increase winds, which will increase how a lot water the system can evaporate off the ocean.
Idalia has been feeding on hovering ocean temperatures. “It is a machine that more and more takes benefit of an growing quantity of warmth and moisture that it is extracting from the ocean,” says Knabb. “Temperatures are manner up into the 80s and close to 90 levels in lots of components of the jap Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf is all the time heat sufficient to assist hurricanes, however this 12 months is manner hotter than common, and in lots of places at report ranges.”
Typically, local weather change is dramatically warming the world’s oceans, offering gasoline for extra-powerful hurricanes. However atmospheric dynamics are at play, too: Commerce winds have been gradual currently within the tropical Atlantic and throughout the Caribbean. These winds would sometimes churn up deeper, cooler waters. However with much less of that upwelling, the waters within the Caribbean and round Florida have been heating like a pot on gradual boil. “All of that has been festering for weeks and weeks,” Knabb says. “And now these waters are being utilized by this hurricane to gasoline it.”
As Idalia chugs towards Florida, its winds are pushing a column of saltwater towards shore. The stronger the winds, the upper the water might be. The hurricane’s low strain can also be making a type of offshore dome of water centered beneath the storm. The water rises as a result of there’s much less atmospheric strain on the ocean there. “That dome peaks proper beneath the attention, the place you’ve very low strain,” says Brian McNoldy, a hurricane researcher on the College of Miami. “When the hurricane makes landfall, that dome of ocean water comes together with it.”